Cyanophages, viruses that infect cyanobacteria, are abundant in the oceans and have a profound influence on cyanobacterial metabolism, evolution, and community dynamics. These viruses play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles by impacting host photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Among cyanophages, the T7-like podoviruses, including the recently discovered MPP-C clade, exhibit unique characteristics and infection kinetics. However, the lack of high-resolution structural information has hindered our understanding of their infection mechanisms.

Cyanobacteria are crucial for Earth’s ecosystems as they produce oxygen and serve as a food and fuel source. Infections by cyanophages can alter bacterial behavior, affecting their energy production from sunlight and causing significant carbon loss annually. Understanding the viruses’ mechanisms and their impact on bacteria, oceans, and climate is essential.

 

 

Moreover, insights into their infection processes can aid in the development of virus-based strategies to control harmful cyanobacteria in freshwater, benefiting agriculture and ensuring clean drinking water. The team’s findings were published in the journal Nature Communications, and future research aims to further explore the virus’s infection process and resolve unresolved parts of its structure relating to host recognition and infection.